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Japanese Grammar – Verbs: Plain form to Masu form – Review Notes
As we learned in our last Japanese grammar lesson, there are 3 types of Japanese verbs.
In today’s grammar lesson, we learned how to change verbs in each of the 3 verb classes from Plain Present Affirmative form to Plain Present Negative form, also known asnai-form.
In these video review notes we will go over today’s Japanese grammar in greater detail and see a list of verbs!
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Today’s Grammar Lesson:
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ใToday we will learn how to change verbs from plain present affirmative form to plain present negative form, also known as “nai-form”
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ใWe learned last time that there are 3 classes of Japanese verbs:
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ใใ-verbs (u-verbs)
โ
ใใ-verbs (ru-verbs)
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ใirregular verbs
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Changing ใ-verbs (u-verbs) to negative
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ใThe first type of Japanese verbs is called ใ-verbs (u-verbs).
โ
ใTo change an ใ-verb (u-verb) from affirmative to negative form:
ย ย ย ย ย ย โ
ใchange the final ใ sound (‘u’ sound) to an ใ sound (‘a’ sound)
ย ย ย ย ย ย โ
ใadd ใชใ (nai) to the end
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Note:
โ
ใIn the case of a verb that ends in ใ (u), you have to be a little careful.
โ ใFor verbs ending in ใ (u) (in other words, they end with two vowels), changeย ใ (u) to ใ (wa).
โ ใFor example, ๆดใ (ใใใ – arau) – to wash – changes to ๆดใใชใ (ใใใใชใ – arawanai) – to not wash.
โ
ใAn exception to the rules is the verb ใใ (aru) – to exist. The negative form is not ใใใชใ (aranai), just ใชใ (nai).
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โ
ใ่ฉฑใ๏ผใฏใชใ – hanasu) is the plain present affirmative form of the verb meaning “to speak”
โ
ใThe negative form of ่ฉฑใ๏ผใฏใชใ – hanasu) is ่ฉฑใใชใ๏ผใฏใชใใชใ – hanasanai) – to not speak.
โ
ใ็ตใใ๏ผใใใ – owaru) is the plain present affirmative form of the verb meaning “to end”
โ
ใThe negative form of ็ตใใ๏ผใใใ – owaru) is ็ตใใใชใ๏ผใใใใชใ – owaranai) – to not end.
โ
ใ้ฃฒใ๏ผใฎใ – nomu) is the plain present affirmative form of the verb meaning “to drink”
โ
ใThe negative form of ้ฃฒใ๏ผใฎใ – nomu) is ้ฃฒใพใชใ๏ผใฎใพใชใ – nomanai) – to not drink.
โ
ใ้ใถ๏ผใใใถ – asobu) is the plain present affirmative form of the verb meaning “to play”
โ
ใThe negative form of ้ใถ๏ผใใใถ – asobu) is ้ใฐใชใ๏ผใใใฐใชใ – asobanai) – to not play.
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Changing ใ-verbs (ru-verbs) to Negative
โ
ใThe second type of Japanese verbs is called ใ-verbs (ru-verbs).
โ
ใTo change a ใ-verb (ru-verb) from affirmative to negative:
ย ย ย ย ย โ
ใTake off ใ (ru)
ย ย ย ย ย โ
ใAdd ใชใ (nai)
โ
ใๅฟใใ๏ผใใใใ – wasureru) is the plain present affirmative form of the verb meaning “to forget”
โ
ใThe negative form of ๅฟใใ๏ผใใใใ – wasureru) is ๅฟใใชใ๏ผใใใใชใ – wasurenai) – to not forget.
โ
ใ่ฆใใ๏ผใใผใใ – oboeru) is the plain present affirmative form of the verb meaning “to memorize,” “to learn,” or “to remember.”
โ ใThe negative form of ่ฆใใ๏ผใใผใใ – oboeru) is ่ฆใใชใ๏ผใใผใใชใ – oboenai).
โ
ใ่ฒ ใใ๏ผใพใใ – makeru) is the plain present affirmative form of the verb meaning “to lose”
โ ใThe negative form of ่ฒ ใใ๏ผใพใใ – makeru) is ่ฒ ใใชใ๏ผใพใใชใ – makenai)
โ
ใ่พใใ๏ผใใใ – yameru) is the plain present affirmative form of the verb meaning “to quit”
โ ใThe negative form of ่พใใ๏ผใใใ – yameru) is ่พใใชใ๏ผใใใชใ – yamenai)
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Changing Irregular Verbs to Negative
โ ใThere are only 2 irregular verbs in Japanese:
โ
ใๆฅใ๏ผใใ – kuru) which means ‘to come’
โ
ใใใ (suru) which means ‘to do’
โ
ใๆฅใ (ใใ – kuru) changes to ๆฅใชใ๏ผใใชใ – konai) – “to not come”
โ
ใใใ (suru) changes to ใใชใ (shinai) – “to not do”
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List of Japanese Verbs in Nai-Form:
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List of some common ใ-verbs in ใชใ – form:
ๆดใใชใใใใใใใชใใใarawanaiใใใto not wash
ๆญฉใใชใใใใใใใชใใใarukanaiใใใ to not walk
ไผใใชใใใใใใชใใใใawanaiใใใใ to not meet
้ปใใชใใใใ ใพใใชใใใdamaranaiใใ to not be silent
้จใใชใใใใ ใพใใชใใใdamasanaiใ ย ย to not trick
้ธใฐใชใใใใใใฐใชใใใerabanaiใใใ to not choose / pick
ๅคชใใชใใใใตใจใใชใใใfutoranaiใใใto not gain weight
้ ๅผตใใชใใใใใฐใใชใใganbaranaiใใto not do one’s best
ๅ ฅใใชใใใใฏใใใชใใใhairanaiใใใย to not enter
่ฉฑใใชใใใใฏใชใใชใใใhanasanaiใย ย ย ย ย to not speak / talk
ๆใใชใใใใฏใใใชใใใharawanaiใใ to not pay
ๅ ใใชใใใใฒใใใชใใใhikaranaiใใ ย to not shine
่กใใชใใใใใใชใใใใikanaiใใใใย to not go
่ฒทใใชใใใใใใชใใใใkawanaiใใใ to not buy
่ใใชใใใใใใชใใใใkikanaiใใใย to not listen
ๅฎใใชใใใใพใใใชใใใmamoranaiใ to not protect
ๅพ ใใชใใใใพใใชใใใใmatanaiใใ ย ย to not wait
ๆใใชใใใใใใชใใใใmotanaiใใ ย ย to not hold / haveใ
ๆณฃใใชใใใใชใใชใใใใnakanaiใใ ย ย to not cry
ๆใใชใใใใใใใชใใใokoranaiใใย to not get angry
ๆใใชใใใใใใใชใใใomowanaiใ ย to not think / believe
ๆณณใใชใใใใใใใชใใใoyoganaiใย ใto not swim
็ฅใใชใใใใใใชใใใใshiranaiใใ ย to not know
็ซใใชใใใใใใชใใใใtatanaiใใใย to not stand
ไฝฟใใชใใใใคใใใชใใใtsukawanaiใ to not use
ๅใใชใใใใใใใชใใใugokanaiใใ to not move
ๆญใใชใใใใใใใชใใใutawanaiใใ to not sing
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List of some common ใ-verbs in ใชใ- form:
้ใใชใใใใใใชใใใใakenaiใใใย ย ย to not open
่คใใชใใใใปใใชใใใใhomenaiใใใto not praise
ๅ ฅใใชใใใใใใชใใใใirenaiใใใใ to not put in
่ใใชใใใใใใใใชใใkangaenaiใ ใto not think
ๅใใชใใใใใใชใใใใkarinaiใใใย ย to not borrow
็ไปใใชใใใใใฅใใชใใkatazukenaiใ to not tidy up
ๆฐใใชใใใใใใใชใใใkazoenaiใใใto not count
ๆถใใชใใใใใใชใใใใkienaiใใใใ to not disappear
่ใใใชใใใใใใชใใใkikoenaiใใใto not hear
็ญใใชใใใใใใใชใใใkotaenaiใใใto not answer
่ฆใชใใใใใฟใชใใใใใminaiใใใใ to not see / look
่ฆใใชใใใใฟใใชใใใใmisenaiใใใ to not show
่ฝใกใชใใใใใกใชใใใใochinaiใใใ to not fall
ๆใใชใใใใใใใชใใใoshienaiใใใto not teach
ๆจใฆใชใใใใใฆใชใใใใsutenaiใใใ to not throw away
ๅฉใใชใใใใใใใชใใใtasukenaiใใ to not help / save
่ถณใใชใใใใใใชใใใใtarinaiใใใใto not be enough
็ฒใใชใใใใคใใใชใใใtsukarenaiใใto not get tired
ๅฟใใชใใใใใใใชใใใwasurenaiใใ to not forget
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Example Sentence 1:
ใ้ใ่ถณใใชใใ
Okane ga tarinai.
There is not enough money.
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Example Sentence 2:
ไธ็ๅฟใใชใใ
Isshล wasurenai.
I won’t ever forget.
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Example Sentence 3:
ใใฌใใ่ฆใชใใ
Terebi o minai.
I don’t watch TV.
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Next Grammar Lesson:
โ ใNext time we will learn how to make the Plain Past Affirmative Form of verbs!
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I love learning new things about the Japanese language! I’ve never been particularly interested in learning the culture of another country, and in reality, all I do is watch anime all day, but I still really appreciate being able to understand what it is that I’m hearing. I hope I can learn more here at PuniPuni.
Comment by Glen756 on 12/02/2014 at 4:08 am